A new blood test can predict how well men with advanced prostate cancer will respond to treatment and could replace some of the existing methods used to characterise and track the disease.
The non-invasive test is less painful and cheaper than tissue biopsies and can help pick out men who are less likely to respond at the start of treatment, or those more likely to relapse later on.
This type of blood test, known as a liquid biopsy, could drive more precise patient care – allowing clinicians to tailor treatment for men with advanced prostate cancer, and to stop drugs that are unlikely to work as quickly as possible.
Researchers at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust analysed traces of cancer DNA that had entered the bloodstream to assess the ability of liquid biopsies to inform and guide treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
The research, presented today (Friday) at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) virtual annual meeting, received funding from Roche and Genentech – the manufacturers of the technology – and from the charities Cancer Research UK, Prostate Cancer UK, the Movember Foundation and the Prostate Cancer Foundation.
The team looked at more than a thousand blood samples from 216 men with advanced prostate cancer who were taking part in a clinical trial looking at the benefit of the targeted drug abiraterone with or without an experimental drug, ipatasertib.
The researchers found that men with high levels of tumour DNA at the start of treatment had a significantly worse outcome – those patients with traces of cancer DNA in the blood saw their disease progress and get worse two and a half months earlier than those negative for ctDNA at the start of treatment.
Next, the team monitored patients with repeat blood tests while they were on treatment, to assess whether liquid biopsies could enable them to predict response to treatment.
Men who responded to treatment had the greatest fall in the amount of cancer DNA in the bloodstream – a 23 per cent reduction – while those who partially responded to treatment had a reduction of 16 per cent.
Conversely, men whose prostate cancer continued to get worse or stayed the same only saw a reduction of 1 per cent or 4 per cent, respectively.
Analysing the DNA from the blood tests, the researchers also found specific genetic changes associated with drug resistance – which indicate that men are at risk of early relapse. They detected mutations in the well-known cancer genes, p53, PTEN and PI3K/AKT.
The ICR – a charity and research institute – is focused on understanding and combating cancer evolution and drug resistance. It has £2 million still to raise for a new Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, which will open later this year and will house an ambitious ‘Darwinian’ drug discovery programme.
Next, the team at The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) and The Royal Marsden is planning to incorporate liquid biopsies into other clinical trials to assess their benefit in predicting men’s response to treatment.
Professor Johann de Bono, Professor of Experimental Cancer Medicine at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, and Consultant Medical Oncologist at The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, said:
“Our study shows that a simple blood test could help us track how cancer evolves and responds to treatment – initially as part of clinical trials and eventually in routine care.
“These so-called liquid biopsy tests are minimally invasive, cost-effective and can be performed often and with ease. Tracking prostate cancer with a blood test instead of a painful surgical biopsy could significantly improve patients’ quality of life.
“Our study offers further evidence for the huge potential of liquid biopsies to help guide treatment, design personal treatment plans and improve patient outcomes.”
Professor Paul Workman, Chief Executive of The Institute of Cancer Research, London, said:
“Our exciting work to develop liquid biopsies is starting to have a real impact on how doctors can track the way cancers evolve and respond to treatment. These simple blood tests detect traces of cancer circulating in the bloodstream and help us anticipate cancer’s next move. They can help doctors come up with personalised treatment plans and to stay one step ahead of the disease.
“This study showcases the value of liquid biopsies for guiding therapy. They are a faster, kinder, more flexible alternative to traditional tissue biopsies and are set to become a gold standard for cancer treatment.”
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For more information please contact Diana Cano Bordajandi in the ICR press office on 020 7153 5021 or [email protected]. For enquiries out of hours, please call 07595 963 613.
The Institute of Cancer Research, London, is one of the world’s most influential cancer research organisations.
The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) has an outstanding record of achievement dating back more than 100 years. It provided the first convincing evidence that DNA damage is the basic cause of cancer, laying the foundation for the now universally accepted idea that cancer is a genetic disease. Today it is a world leader at identifying cancer-related genes, discovering new targeted drugs and developing new high-precision forms of radiotherapy.
The ICR is a charity and relies on support from partner organisations, funders and the general public. A college of the University of London, it is the UK’s top-ranked academic institution for research quality, and provides postgraduate higher education of international distinction.
The ICR’s mission is to make the discoveries that defeat cancer. For more information visit http://www.icr.ac.uk